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hat

1

In Cambodia, ? – 20ᵗʰ century, a unit of length. In the 20ᵗʰ century = 50 centimeters. (UN, 1966) Before metrication, 41 cm.

Using measurements of 200 dimensions of the temple of Angor Wat (built in the 12ᵗʰ century), researchers calculated that the value most nearly dividing the dimensions a whole number of times is 43.545 centimeters, which makes that number a likely estimate for the magnitude of the hat at the time of construction.¹

1. Robert Stencel, Fred Gifford and Eleanor Moron.
Astronomy and cosmology at Angor Wat.
Science, new series, volume 193, issue 4250 (July 23, 1976), pages 281–287.

As the measurements of the temple were made to the nearest millimeter, the last two digits of the calculated value are not meaningful.

sources

L'unité de longueur est la coudée, hǎt.

Les Cambodgiens ont trois sortes de coudées:

1° Hǎt khnat luong, la grande coudée dont la longueur est de 0^m 50.

2° Hǎt néang day, du coude à l'extrémité de l'annulaire.

3° Hǎt kâun day, du coude à l'extrémité du petit doigt.

Les multiples de la coudée sont:

1° Le phiéam, qui vaut 4 coudées ou 2 metres.

2° Le thbâung, qui vaut 10 coudées moyennes, neang day, environ 4^m 10; mesure pour les pièces d'étoffes indigenes qui ont toujours la mème longueur.

3° Le sěn qui vaut 20 phiéam, 80 coudées ou 40 metres, mesure habituelle pour l'évaluation des terrains, des distances, mǒ rǒi sěn, ou simplement mǒ roi, équivaut à 4 kilomètres, souvent employé dans le langage khmer.

4° Le Iūch, mesure itinéraire qui vaut environ 400 sěn, ou 16 kilomètres (peu usité).

Les sous-multiples de la coudée sont:

1° Le cham-am, l'empan francais qui est la moitié de la coudée 0 m 25; le thneap, un travers de doigt, qui est le douzieme du cham-am; on dit encore : mǒ chǒmriék, une demi-épaisseur de doigt; le chamriék se divise en 8 kreap srou (grains de riz); le kreap srou, en 12 khluon chay (corps de pou); le khloun chay en 12 pōng chay (lente de pou); le pōng chay en 12 anǔ (grains de sable); l'anǔ en abbâmanu (atôme de poussiere).

The unit of length is the cubit, hǎt.
The Cambodians use three types of cubit:
1. The Hǎt khnat luong, the large cubit with a length of 0.5 meter.
2. The Hǎt néang day, from the elbow to the end of the ring finger.
3. The Hǎt kâun day, from the elbow to the end of the little finger.

The multiples of the cubit are:
1. The phiéam, which equals 4 cubits or 2 meters.
2. The thbâung, which equals 10 medium cubits, néang day, about 4.10 meters. A measure for locally-woven cloth, which is always the same length.
3. The sěn, which is equal to 20 phiéam, 80 cubits or 40 meters, the usual unit for expressing surveys, distances, mǒ rǒi sěn,, or simply mǒ roi,, equal to 4 kilometers, often used in the Khmer language.
4. The Iuch, an itinerant measure which equals about 400 sěn, or 16 kilometers (little used).

The sub-multiples of the cubit are:
1. The cham-am, the French empan, which is half of the cubit, 0.25 meter; the thneap, the width of a finger, which is ¹⁄₁₂ cham-am; they also say : mǒ chǒmriék, half the thickness of a finger; the chamriék is divided into 8 kreap srou (grains de rice); the kreap srou, into 12 khluon chay (body of a louse); the khloun chay into 12 pōng chay (nit of a louse); the pōng chay into 12 anǔ (grains of sand); l'anǔ into abbâmanu (dust mote).

J. B. Bernard.
Dictionnaire Cambodgien-Français.
Hong Kong: Imprimerie de la Société des Missions Etrangères, 1902.
Page 42.

2

In Turkey, a unit of length, about 2.6310 millimeters.

3

In Nepal, a unit of length = 2 bitta = ½ yard = 45.72 centimeters.