☙
| Ruler | Reign | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| Cyrus II | 559-530 bce | |
| Cambyses II | 529-522 bce | son of Cyrus II |
| Bardiya/Smerdis; | 522 bce | consult a history |
| Darius I | 521-486 bce | cousin of Cambyses II |
| Xerxes I | 485-465 bce | son of Darius I; assassinated |
| Artaxerxes I | 464-424/3 bce | son of Xerxes I |
| Xerxes II | 424/3 bce | son of Artaxerxes I; assasinated |
| Sogdianus | 424/3 bce | brother of Xerxes II; assasinated |
| Darius II | 423-405 bce | half-brother of Sogdianus |
| Artaxerxes II | 404-359 bce | son of Darius II |
| Artaxerxes III | 358-338 bce | son of Artaxerxes II; poisoned |
| Artaxerxes IV Arses | 337-336 bce | poisoned |
| Darius III | 335-330 bce | nephew of Artaxerxes IV |
The empire ended with the defeat of Darius III by Alexander the Great at the battle of Gaugamela in 330 bce.
Henry Heitmann-Gordon.
The Rulers of the Persian Empire.
Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions online (ARIo) Project.
The ARIo Project, 2019.
http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ario/rulers/
Wikipedia's entry on the Achaemenid_Empire is one of their best efforts.
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Last revised: 2018.