In England, dates in the Julian calendar that occur before the introduction of the Gregorian calendar in 1752 are termed “old style.” The initials “O.S.” appearing after a date indicate it is in the Julian calendar. The initials “N.S.” or the phrase “Stylo novo” indicate the Gregorian calendar.
The initial correction made the difference between the Julian and Gregorian calendars 10 days.
| Locality | The day after | became |
|---|---|---|
| Most Italian states | 4 October 1582 | 15 October 1582 |
| Savoy | 21 December 1582 | 1 January 1583 |
| Spain, including Spanish possessions, such as Mexico | 4 October 1582 | 15 October 1582 |
| Portugal | 4 October 1582 | 15 October 1582 |
| Luxembourg | 14 December 1582 | 25 December 1582 |
| France
French possessions (such as what became the “Louisiana Purchase”) used the Gregorian calendar from their founding. |
9 December 1582 | 20 December 1582
(Edict of Henry III, 3 November 1582.) |
| Lorraine | 9 December 1582 | 20 December 1982 |
| Zeeland, Brabant, and the Staten Generaal | 14 December 1582 | 25 December 1582 |
| Limburg and southern provinces of the Netherlands (now Belgium) | 20 December 1582
(also 21 December 1582) |
31 December 1582
(also 1 January 1583) |
| Holland | 1 January 1583 | 12 January 1583
The Plakaet of 10 December 1582 (Great Plakaet Boek, I, 395) called for the change to occur on 15 December 1582, but the estates changed it to 1 January. |
| Groningen | 10 February 1583 | 21 February 1583
(Resolution dated 28 February 1583 [sic].) |
| Reverted to Julian in the summer of 1594. The Julian calendar remained in use until 1700. | ||
| Carinthia & Styria | 14 December 1583 | 25 December 1583 |
| Brixen, Salzburg & Tyrol | 5 October 1583 | 16 October 1583 |
| Sweden | 1583 | |
| (later revoked) | See 18th century. | |
| Bohemia | 6 January 1584 | 17 January 1584 |
| Moravia | 6 January 1584 | 17 January 1584 |
| Catholic states in Germany | 21 December 1582 | 1 January 1583 |
| Catholic cantons of Switzerland | 21 December 1582 | 1 January 1583 |
| Poland | 21 December 1585 | 1 January 1586
(State Papers, Cracow, 3 January 1586, Stylo novo.) |
| Hungary | 21 October 1587 | 1 November 1587 |
| Prussia | Bond presents evidence that the Gregorian calendar was in use at Elbing by 1586. | |
| Locality | The day after | became |
|---|---|---|
| Alsace | 5 February 1682 | 16 February 1682 |
| Strasbourg | February 1682 | 1 March 1682 ? |
| Prussia | 22 August 1610 | 2 September 1610 |
1700 was a leap year in the Julian calendar but not in the Gregorian, increasing the difference between the Julian and Gregorian calendars to 11 days.
| Locality | The day after | became |
|---|---|---|
| Protestant states of Germany | 18 February 1700
|
1 March 1700
1700, adoption by the imperial diet at Regensberg. Some of the Protestant states adopted the calendar in 1609. |
| Protestant cantons of Switzerland | 31 December 1700 | 12 January 1701 |
| Denmark | 18 February 1700 | 1 March 1700
(State Papers, “Copenhagen, 2 May, 1702, S.N.”) |
| Norway | 18 February 1700 | 1 March 1700 |
| Gelderland | 30 June 1700 | 12 July 1700 |
| Utrecht | 30 November 1700
1 December 1700 |
12 December 1700
Resolution dated 24 July 1770 (Utrecht Plakaet boek I, 457) |
| Overijssel | 30 November 1700 | 12 December 1700
(Resolution dated 4 April 1700) |
| Groningen | 31 December 1700 | 12 January 1701 |
| Friesland | 31 December 1700 | 12 January 1701 |
| Drenthe | 30 April 1701 | 12 May 1701 |
| Great Britain (and its colonies) |
2 September 1752 | 14 September 1752 |
| Adopted in 1751 by Act of Parliament. Riots broke out in London as people protested the government’s snatching two weeks from their allotted threescore and ten. | ||
| Sweden | Early in the century, Sweden again decided to convert to the Gregorian calendar, this time gradually, by not observing leap years. This process would put them in sync with the Gregorian calendar in 1740. But it didn't work out: | |
| 28 February 1700 | 1 March 1700 (omitted leap year, as planned) | |
| 28 February 1704 | 29 February 1704 (observed leap year when they shouldn't have) | |
| 28 February 1708 | 29 February 1708 (observed leap year when they shouldn't have) | |
| 29 February 1712 | 30 February 1712 (restored the day dropped in 1700, thus going back to the Julian calendar) | |
| 17 February 1753 (readoption) | 1 March 1753 | |
| Finland | 1753 | |
| Lorraine | 16 February 1760 | 28 February 1760 |
| Nova Scotia Gregorian since circa 1605 |
13 October 1710 | 2 October 1710 (reverted to Julian) |
| 2 September 1752 | 14 September 1752 (readopted Gregorian) | |
| Locality | The day after | became |
|---|---|---|
| France | 1 January 1806, reverted to the Gregorian calendar | |
| Japan | Use of the Gregorian calendar became permissible on 1 January 1873. | |
| Egypt | 1875 | |
| Thailand | 1889: Changed from former lunar calendar to a solar calendar based on the Gregorian calendar, but took Masayon (equivalent to April) as the first month of the year, and used an era (Ratanakosindr Sok, or Bangkok Era) based on the founding of Bangkok in 1782 ce by Chao Phya Chakkri, founder of the Chakkri dynasty. 1 April 1889 was named 1 Masayon 108. See also 20th century, below. | |
A second wave of adoptions occurred in Eastern Europe and the Far East in the early 20th century: (Listed alphabetically by country.)
| Albania | December 1912 | |
| Thailand | 1913: the Buddhist Era was adopted (Butta Sakarat). 1 Masayon 2493 be would be 1 April 1950 ce. | |
| Bulgaria | 1 March 1916 | 14 April 1916 |
| China | 1911, | |
| 1949 (Communist gov't) | ||
| Latvia | During German occupation 1915?? | |
| Greece | 9 March 1924
some say 1923 |
23 March 1924 |
| Iran | 1925 | |
| Lithuania | 1915 | |
| Estonia | 31 January 1918 | 14 February 1918 |
| Romania | 31 March 1919 | 14 April 1919 |
| Russia | 31 January 1918 | 14 February 1918 |
| By a decree of the Council of People's Commissars dated 25 January 1918. (Statesman’s Yearbook 1947, V.V. Tsybulsky, page 7.) | ||
| Turkey | 1 Jan 1927, by vote of the Majlis on 26 December 1925. But some say 1926, 1927 or 1917 | |
| Yugoslavia | 1919; some say 1924 | |
Owen Gingerich.
The civil reception of the Gregorian calendar.
in G. V. Coyne, M. A. Hoskin and O. Pedersen, editors.
Gregorian Reform of the Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican Conference to
Commemorate its 400th Anniversary, 1582-1982.
Cittá del Vaticano, Europe: Pontificia Academia Scientiarum; Specola Vaticana,1983.
M. Hoskin.
The reception of the calendar by other churches.
in Gregorian Reform of the Calendar, cited above.
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