Northern Dynasties & kingdoms
in the time of the 16 Kingdoms

Former Zhao or Northern Han Kingdom, 304–329
Reign Dates     Comments
304–309 Liu Yuan    
309–318 Liu Ts'ung    
318 Liu Tsan    
318–329 Liu Yao    
329, conquered by the Later Zhao.

 

Later Zhao, 319–353
Reign Dates     Comments
319–333 Shi Le    
333–335 Shi Hong    
335–349 Shi Hu    
349 Shi Shi    
349 Shi Tsun    
349–350 Shi Jian    
350–351 Shi Qi    
350–352 Wei Jan Min    
353, conquered by the Former Yen.

 

Former Yen, 281–370
Reign Dates     Comments
281–283 P'u kuei    
283–285 Shan    
285–333 Hui    
333–349 Huang    
349–360 Mu Rong Tsun    
360–370 Mu Rong Wei    
370, conquered by the Former Qin.

 

Former Liang, 313–376
 Reign Dates     Comments
313–320 Zhang Shi    
320–324 Zhang Mou    
324–346 Zhang Jun    
346–353 Zhang Zhong-wa    
353–354 Zhang Zu    
354–360 Zhang Xuan Jing    
360–363 Zhang Xuan kuan    
363–376 Zhang Tian-Xi    
376, conquered by the Former Qin.

 

Former Qin, 349–394
 Reign Dates     Comments
349–350 Fu Hong    
350–354 Fu Jian (1)    
354–356 Fu Sheng    
356–384 Fu Jian (2)    
384–385 Fu Pei    
385–393 Fu Teng    
393–394 Fu Chong    
394, conquered by the Later Qin.

 

Southern Liang, 396–414
 Reign Dates     Comments
396–399 Tu-fa Wu-ku    
399–401 Tu-fa Li-lu-ku    
401–414 Tu-fa Ju-t'an    
414, conquered by the Western Qin.

 

Later Han, 384–396
 Reign Dates     Comments
384–385 Mu-Rong Hong    
385 Mu Rong Chong    
385–396 Mu Rong Yung    
396, conquered by the Later Yen.

 

Later Yen, 384–408
 Reign Dates     Comments
384–395 Mu Rong Chui    
395–397 Mu Rong Bao    
397–400 Mu Rong Sheng    
400–406 Mu Rong Xi    
406–408 Gao Yun    
408, replaced by Northern Yen.

 

Northern Yen, 408–435
Reign Dates     Comments
408-430 Feng Po    
430-435 Feng Hong    
435, conquered by Northern Wei.

 

Later Liang, 386–403
Reign Dates     Comments
386-398 Lü Guang    
398 Lü Shao    
398-400 Lü Zuan    
400-403 Lü Lung    
403, conquered by the Later Qin.

 

Southern Yen, 398–410
Reign Dates     Comments
398-404 Mu Rong De    
404-410 Mu Rong Zhao    
410, conquered by the Liu-Sung.

 

Later Qin, 383–417
Reign Dates     Comments
383-393 Yao Zhang    
393-415 Yao Xing    
415-417 Yao Hong    
417, conquered by Eastern Chin.

 

Western Liang, 401–421
Reign Dates     Comments
401-417 Li Gao    
417-420 Li Xin    
420-421 Li Xun    
421, conquered by the Northern Liang.

 

Western Qin, 385–431
Reign Dates     Comments
385-387 Qi-fu Kuo-jen    
387–411 Qi-fu Qian-kuei    
411–427 Qi-fu Chih-p'an    
427–431 Qi-fu Mu-mo    
431, conquered by Xia.

 

Xia, 407–431
Reign Dates     Comments
407-425 He-Lian P'o-p'o    
425-428 He-Lian Zhang    
428-431 He-Lian Ting    
431, conquered by Northern Liang.

 

Northern Liang, 398–439
Reign Dates     Comments
398-433 Ju-qu Meng-sun    
433-439 Ju-qu Mu-Jian    
439, conquered by the Northern Wei.

 

Tai, 338–376
Reign Dates     Comments
338-376 Shi Yi Jian    
376, conquered by the Former Qin.
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Last revised: 21 April 2004.